Which ethical framework emphasizes respect for human autonomy as having final value?

Which ethical framework emphasizes respect for human autonomy as having final value?

• A. Utilitarianism
• B. Deontology
• C. Virtue ethics
• D. Contract theory

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is how a moral theory treats the value of human autonomy. Deontology holds that actions are morally right when they respect the inherent dignity of rational beings and follow moral duties that apply universally. Because rational agents have intrinsic worth, autonomy is considered an end in itself—something we must always respect, not a means to another end. This is closely tied to Kant’s approach, which says we should act only according to maxims we could will as universal laws and treat people as ends in themselves. In short, autonomy has final value in deontology because respecting rational agents’ freedom and dignity is a binding obligation that stands independent of outcomes. By contrast, utilitarianism cares mainly about overall happiness or good consequences, so autonomy matters to the extent it affects utility; virtue ethics centers on character and flourishing rather than respecting autonomy as an intrinsic end; contract theory focuses on agreements and mutual constraints, with autonomy relevant primarily through the capacity to consent within those contracts.

The main idea here is how a moral theory treats the value of human autonomy. Deontology holds that actions are morally right when they respect the inherent dignity of rational beings and follow moral duties that apply universally. Because rational agents have intrinsic worth, autonomy is considered an end in itself—something we must always respect, not a means to another end. This is closely tied to Kant’s approach, which says we should act only according to maxims we could will as universal laws and treat people as ends in themselves. In short, autonomy has final value in deontology because respecting rational agents’ freedom and dignity is a binding obligation that stands independent of outcomes. By contrast, utilitarianism cares mainly about overall happiness or good consequences, so autonomy matters to the extent it affects utility; virtue ethics centers on character and flourishing rather than respecting autonomy as an intrinsic end; contract theory focuses on agreements and mutual constraints, with autonomy relevant primarily through the capacity to consent within those contracts.